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The
Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the
Valley of Oaxaca of southern
Mesoamerica. Archaeological evidence shows their culture goes back at least 2500 years. They left archaeological evidence at the ancient city of
Monte Albán in the form of buildings,
Mesoamerican ballgame, magnificent tombs and grave goods including finely worked gold jewelry. Monte Albán was the first major city in the western hemisphere and the center of a Zapotec state that dominated much of what we know of as the current state of Oaxaca.
Etymology
The name
Zapotec is an
exonym coming from
Nahuatl language tzapotēcah (singular
tzapotēcatl), which means "inhabitants of the place of sapote". The Zapotec referred to themselves by some variant of the term
Be'ena'a, which means "The People."
Technology
The Zapotecs developed a calendar and a
logogramsyllabary system of writing that used a separate
glyph to represent each of the
syllables of the language. This writing system is one of several candidates thought to have been the first Mesoamerican writing systems and the predecessor of the writing systems developed by the
Maya civilization, Mixtec, and
Aztec civilizations. At the present time, there is some debate as to whether or not Olmec symbols, dated to 650 BC, are actually a form of writing preceding the oldest Zapotec writing dated to about 500 BC.
In the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, there were Zapotec and Mixtec artisans who fashioned jewelry for the Aztec rulers (
tlatoanis), including Moctezuma II. Relations with central Mexico go back much further however, as attested by the archaeological remains of a Zapotec neighborhood within
Teotihuacan and a Teotihuacan style "guest house" in Monte Albán. Other important pre-Columbian Zapotec sites include Lambityeco, Dainzu, Mitla, Yagul,
San José Mogote, El Palmillo and
Zaachila.
They were a sedentary culture and well-advanced in civilization, living in large villages and towns, in houses constructed with stone and mortar. They recorded the principal events in their history by means of
logogram, and in warfare they made use of a cotton armour. The well-known ruins of Mitla have been attributed to them and were claimed to be the tombs of their ancestors.
Religion
Like most Mesoamerican religious systems, the Zapotec religion was polytheistic. Two principal deities include Cocijo, the rain god (similar to the Aztec god Tlaloc), and Coquihani, the god of light. It is believed that the Zapotec sometimes used human sacrifice in their rituals.
The Zapotecs tell that their ancestors emerged from the earth, from caves, or that they turned from trees or jaguars into people, while the elite that governed them believed that they descended from supernatural beings that lived among the clouds, and that upon death they would return to such status. In fact, the name by which Zapotecs are known today resulted from this belief. In Central Valley Zapotec "The Cloud People' is "Be'ena' Za'a."
Warfare
The last battle between the Aztecs and the Zapotecs occurred between 1497 and 1502, under the Aztec ruler
Ahuizotl. At the time of Spanish conquest of Mexico, when news arrived that the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards, King Cosijoeza ordered his people not to confront the Spaniards so they would avoid the same fate. They were defeated by the Spaniards only after several campaigns between 1522 and 1527. However, uprisings against colonial authorities occurred in 1550, 1560, and 1715.
In 1850 there was another rebellion against the local government of Oaxaca, followed in 1866 by one against the Royal French Army, during the French invasion of Mexico. In recent times, there was an uprising against the local governor Manuel Zárate Aquino in the 1970s, supported by the Mexican Army.
References
"Zapotec Civilization: How Urban Society Evolved in Mexico's Oaxaca Valley". Joyce Marcus and Kent Flannery. Thames and Hudson, New York, 1996
The
Zapotec civilization was an indigenous
pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca of southern
Mesoamerica. Archaeological evidence shows their culture goes back at least 2500 years. They left archaeological evidence at the ancient city of Monte Albán in the form of buildings, Mesoamerican ballgame, magnificent tombs and grave goods including finely worked gold jewelry. Monte Albán was the first major city in the western hemisphere and the center of a Zapotec state that dominated much of what we know of as the current state of Oaxaca.
Etymology
The name
Zapotec is an exonym coming from
Nahuatl language tzapotēcah (singular
tzapotēcatl), which means "inhabitants of the place of sapote". The Zapotec referred to themselves by some variant of the term
Be'ena'a, which means "The People."
Technology
The Zapotecs developed a calendar and a
logogramsyllabary system of writing that used a separate glyph to represent each of the
syllables of the language. This writing system is one of several candidates thought to have been the first
Mesoamerican writing systems and the predecessor of the writing systems developed by the Maya civilization,
Mixtec, and
Aztec civilizations. At the present time, there is some debate as to whether or not
Olmec symbols, dated to 650 BC, are actually a form of writing preceding the oldest Zapotec writing dated to about 500 BC.
In the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, there were Zapotec and Mixtec artisans who fashioned jewelry for the Aztec rulers (
tlatoanis), including
Moctezuma II. Relations with central Mexico go back much further however, as attested by the archaeological remains of a Zapotec neighborhood within
Teotihuacan and a Teotihuacan style "guest house" in Monte Albán. Other important pre-Columbian Zapotec sites include Lambityeco, Dainzu,
Mitla, Yagul,
San José Mogote,
El Palmillo and Zaachila.
They were a sedentary culture and well-advanced in civilization, living in large villages and towns, in houses constructed with stone and mortar. They recorded the principal events in their history by means of
logogram, and in warfare they made use of a
cotton armour. The well-known ruins of Mitla have been attributed to them and were claimed to be the tombs of their ancestors.
Religion
Like most Mesoamerican religious systems, the Zapotec religion was polytheistic. Two principal deities include
Cocijo, the rain god (similar to the Aztec god
Tlaloc), and Coquihani, the god of light. It is believed that the Zapotec sometimes used human sacrifice in their rituals.
The Zapotecs tell that their ancestors emerged from the earth, from caves, or that they turned from trees or jaguars into people, while the elite that governed them believed that they descended from supernatural beings that lived among the clouds, and that upon death they would return to such status. In fact, the name by which Zapotecs are known today resulted from this belief. In Central Valley Zapotec "The Cloud People' is "Be'ena' Za'a."
Warfare
The last battle between the Aztecs and the Zapotecs occurred between 1497 and 1502, under the Aztec ruler Ahuizotl. At the time of Spanish conquest of Mexico, when news arrived that the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards, King Cosijoeza ordered his people not to confront the Spaniards so they would avoid the same fate. They were defeated by the Spaniards only after several campaigns between 1522 and 1527. However, uprisings against colonial authorities occurred in 1550, 1560, and 1715.
In 1850 there was another rebellion against the local government of Oaxaca, followed in 1866 by one against the Royal French Army, during the French invasion of Mexico. In recent times, there was an uprising against the local governor Manuel Zárate Aquino in the 1970s, supported by the Mexican Army.
References
"Zapotec Civilization: How Urban Society Evolved in Mexico's Oaxaca Valley". Joyce Marcus and Kent Flannery. Thames and Hudson, New York, 1996
Zapotec civilization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mesoamerica. Archaeological evidence shows their culture ...
Amazon.co.uk: Zapotec Civilization: How Urban Society Evolved in ...
Amazon.co.uk: Zapotec Civilization: How Urban Society Evolved in Mexico's Oaxaca Valley (New Aspects of Antiquity): Joyce Marcus, Kent V. Flannery: Books
Zapotec - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zapotec or zapoteca may refer to: [edit] Cultures and languages. Zapotec civilization, an historical indigenous pre-Columbian civilization and archaeological culture of central ...
Category:Zapotec - Wikimedia Commons
The Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in and around the Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mesoamerica.
The Zapotec Civilization Poster by Diego Rivera - AllPosters.co.uk
The Zapotec Civilization Poster by Diego Rivera - AllPosters.co.uk. Choose from over 500,000 Posters, Prints & Art. Fast UK Delivery, Value Framing, 100% Satisfaction Guarantee.
Monte Alban and the Zapotec Civilization
Monte Alban was the capital city of the Zapotec Civilization, sited 1400 meters above sea level in the Valley of Oaxaca of central Mexico. The Zapotecs and their amazing city ...
The Zapotec Civilization Prints by Diego Rivera at AllPosters.com
The Zapotec Civilization Prints by Diego Rivera - at AllPosters.com. Choose from over 500,000 Posters & Art Prints. Value Framing, Fast Delivery, 100% Satisfaction Guarantee.
Zapotec Civilization
This page features select samples from our Art History Visual Library. Our image collection contains thousands of photographs of archaeological sites, major works of ...
Camelot International: Britain's Heritage and History
Camelot International > The Bazaar. THE ZAPOTEC STATE. The Zapotec civilization produced the first writing in the Americas, c. 800 AD. Garage Conversion Company Scotland
Zapotec civilisation - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization. It was mainly in the Valley of Oaxaca of southern Mesoamerica. Archaeologists think their culture goes back ...
